Parapedia - Alien Abduction Trauma and Recovery
According to The Journal of American Culture, most people claiming to have experienced alien abduction report "traumatic alien investigations of their bodies," (Barbeito 202). As with any other trauma, alien abduction can cause severe emotional shock in the victim and have long-lasting psychological effects, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Post-abduction syndrome (Nielsen 9). Various methods of treatments can help a suffering alien abductee to overcome or cope with these problems. These methods include support groups, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy and even simple humor (Scott 2, 4). Betty and Barney Hill were the first recorded alien abductees to seek treatment after their abduction. Despite wide-spread skepticism towards alien abductees, there are some Psychiatric Professionals, as well as those practicing under the often self-bestowed title "UFO Investigator" who believe that there is a "need to treat UFO patients with the same standards and practices as anyone reporting emotional distress or trauma" (McLaughlin 6). Some mental health professionals are now "arguing that psychotherapists should be educated about the UFO abduction phenomenon so that they will recognize the symptoms and be able to help the victims" (Newman and Baumeister 100).
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, often referred to as PTSD, is an anxiety disorder("Anxiety" 4). PTSD is caused by "the major personal stress of a serious or frightening event" ("Post Traumatic Stress Disorder"1). Symptoms of this disorder include:
These symptoms are only considered to be contributing to chronic PTSD if they have lasted over three months after the traumatizing event (such as an abduction by aliens), or if the symptoms have "delayed onset" (Clark 28). PTSD is the only disorder of the two listed previously as occurring in traumatized alien abductees that is recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (ASA) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is also sometimes referred to as Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome. Many Alien abductees experience this disorder, according to Dr. David Gotlib, a prominent psychotherapist in the UFO subculture (McLaughlin 1, 7).
Post Abduction Syndrome
Post Abduction Syndrome, or PAS, is an anxiety disorder posited by Budd Hopkins and others that has many similarities to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It differs, however, in that the traumatic event (alien abduction) may occur more than once in an individual's lifetime, making it difficult to pinpoint when the trauma began (Hargrove 3). This syndrome is not formally recognized by the ASA. It was first defined by Budd Hopkins, a prominent alien abduction researcher, in his books Missing Time and Intruders (Nielsen 12). PAS specifically defines the "cluster of symptoms and behaviors that develop in some individuals in response to the alien abduction phenomenon." These symptoms include:
Post Abduction Syndrome may not only affect the abductees themselves, but can also effect witnesses to the abduction, family members, or others closely associated with the abductee (Hargrove 7).
Support Groups
The traditional definition of a support group is "a group of people with common experiences and concerns"-in this case, abduction by aliens and the resulting complications- "who provide emotional and moral support for one another" ("Support Groups" 1). One purpose of abductee support groups specifically is to attempt to help people recover repressed memories of victimization at the hands of extraterrestrials. Beginning "In the mid-1980s an increasing number of support groups appeared that were centered" around alien abductees and their experiences (Bader 2). Many alien abduction support groups are currently in existence, located mainly in the United States but with some located in other countries such as Canada and Australia. One Seattle based abductee support group, UFO Contact Center International, has affiliate centers located throughout the United States and Canada, now numbering over 30 (Bader 12). A survey done in 1990 of 55 alien abductees involved in a support group reported that most participants in alien abduction support groups were white, married females with some college education (Bader 14). However, this may not be a large enough sample group to accurately represent the alien abductees involved in support groups. Support groups for alien abductees are "commonplace" and can be easily contacted through their websites (Panay 205).
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is "any form of treatment for psychological, emotional, or behavior disorders in which a trained person establishes a relationship with one or several patients for the purpose of modifying or removing existing symptoms and promoting personality growth" ("Psychotherapy" 1). Psychotherapy is also sometimes simply referred to as counseling. For an alien abductee, this provides an environment where they feel they can be open and talk about their experience without fear of ridicule (Scott 2).
Hypnotherapy
Most alien abductees recall their abduction(s) through hypnosis. (Linse and Loxton 81). Because of this, the vast majority of evidence for alien abduction is based on memories recovered through hypnosis. Hypnosis is the weakening of "both emotional experience and behavior" in other words, "emotional numbing" (Sebastiani et al. 125) Though for a time they may have forgotten, some abductees find clues to what happened (such as the symptoms of PAS, PTSD, or missing time) that lead them to seek a hypnotist to help them discover if their hunch is the real deal. The use of hypnosis to recall repressed memories is a highly controversial issue. Many well known alien abduction experts have every confidence in this method of memory recall. Long time abduction researcher Budd Hopkins "argues that memories recovered under hypnosis have 'unusual validity' that is even better than ordinary memory." David Jacobs, another well known researcher, believes that "memories derived hypnotically" are even more reliable than those recalled outside of the hypnotic state. Jacobs also states, however, that "anyone could be a researcher or hypnotist just by proclaiming it" due to the fact that there is "no systematic training" for those interested in this line of memory recovery (Linse and Loxton 81). Alien abduction narratives are frequently attributed to the creation of a "False Memory"(Lynn and Kirsch 152)induced under hypnosis. Steven Jay Lynn of Ohio University and Irving I. Kirsch of the University of Connecticut assert that false memories are created through the following seven steps (Lynn and Kirsch 152)
1. A person is predisposed to accept the idea that certain puzzling or inexplicable experiences might be telltale signs of UFO abduction.
2. The person seeks out a therapist, whom he or she views as an authority and who is, at the very least, receptive to this explanation and has some prior familiarity with UFO abduction reports.
3. Alternately, the therapist frames the puzzling experiences in terms of an abduction narrative.
4. Alternative explanations of the experiences are not explored.
5. There is increasing commitment to the abduction explanation and increasing anxiety reduction associated with ambiguity reduction.
6. The therapist legitimates or ratifies the abductee's experience, which constitutes additional positive reinforcement.
7. The client adopts the role of the "victim" or abductee, which becomes integrated into the psychotherapy and the client's view of self.
Humor and Healing
While humor cannot reduce "the significance of a terrible event, it does allow the survivor [of a traumatic event] to see how they can cope and thrive in their environment" (Garrick 169). Humor can "be a powerful healing tool when both the therapist and the client are willing to openly discuss it" (Garrick 169). According to Yvonne R. Smith, founder of the Close Encounter Research Organization, "humor has been very healing for those people who have had encounters" (Scott 4-5). The key to this unique brand of humor is to "see the humorous side of the phenomena, without making fun of the science or the victims" (Scott 9).
A Self Induced Method for Blocking Abductions Definitively: the SIMBAD by Corrado Malanga
In the book "Alieni o Demoni" the Italian chemist and ufologist Corrado Malanga introduces the SIMBAD, a methodology aimed to block abductions definitively.
The SIMBAD allows abductee's Mind to devise a sort of virtual reality where the three separated entities living naturally and peacefully within abductee's body (Mind, Spirit and Soul) meet in a round table, start a dialogue among them and eliminate the abduction problem through acts of will performed by abductee's Soul. These acts of will vary from destroying the implants and the alien memories inserted into the brain of the abductee to fire whichever alien entities trying to approach the abducted person.
Using hypnosis on Mind, Spirit and Soul the abducted person increases the consciousness of the problem and restores the harmonic relation within that triad. Mind, Spirit and Soul are hypnotized separatedly, conversating directly with each of them. Often the alien memories are also hypnotized, a procedure which has permitted to obtain a huge quantity of fresh data on the alien races and on their purposes.
Betty and Barney Hill
The abduction case of Betty and Barney Hill came about just as the Abduction Phenomenon was coming to light. Their case is one of the first to report the use of psychotherapy and hypnosis to recover abduction memories. Betty and Barney Hill took a vacation from their home in New Hampshire to visit Montreal, Canada. "On their return, they found themselves suffering from unexplained physical pain, anxiety, and nightmares" (Barbeito 201). Neither of them could recall two hours of their drive back to New Hampshire, so they sought out psychiatrist Benjamin Simon for help. Through several hypnosis sessions, both Betty and Barney recalled what had happened on their trip home. The couple determined that had been abducted by aliens (Barbeito 201).
Aftermath
This includes scarring(from alleged medical procedures on the ship/base, on site probing) and ridicule by the government, military, medical personnel, even by family not involved in the matter, fearing loss of social standing, family honor, credibility, extreme vigilance.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, often referred to as PTSD, is an anxiety disorder("Anxiety" 4). PTSD is caused by "the major personal stress of a serious or frightening event" ("Post Traumatic Stress Disorder"1). Symptoms of this disorder include:
- * Images or Memories of the Event
* Nightmares of the Event
* Insomnia
* Sense of Isolation
* Sense of Guilt
* Irritability
* Loss of Concentration
* Depression
These symptoms are only considered to be contributing to chronic PTSD if they have lasted over three months after the traumatizing event (such as an abduction by aliens), or if the symptoms have "delayed onset" (Clark 28). PTSD is the only disorder of the two listed previously as occurring in traumatized alien abductees that is recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (ASA) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is also sometimes referred to as Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome. Many Alien abductees experience this disorder, according to Dr. David Gotlib, a prominent psychotherapist in the UFO subculture (McLaughlin 1, 7).
Post Abduction Syndrome
Post Abduction Syndrome, or PAS, is an anxiety disorder posited by Budd Hopkins and others that has many similarities to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It differs, however, in that the traumatic event (alien abduction) may occur more than once in an individual's lifetime, making it difficult to pinpoint when the trauma began (Hargrove 3). This syndrome is not formally recognized by the ASA. It was first defined by Budd Hopkins, a prominent alien abduction researcher, in his books Missing Time and Intruders (Nielsen 12). PAS specifically defines the "cluster of symptoms and behaviors that develop in some individuals in response to the alien abduction phenomenon." These symptoms include:
- * Persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic event characterized by flashbacks
* Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma
* Denial of the event
* Nightmares involving aliens, medical procedures, UFOs, apocalyptic matter, such as a asteroid hitting Earth, nuclear war, other matters that returned abductees may not report to anyone at all.
* Labeling the event something else
* Phobic avoidance of areas or situations where contact occurred
* Refraining from sleep at the time contact occurred
* Emotional reaction to literature, pictures, or videos about alien entities
* Numbing of emotions characterized by inability to feel intimacy, pleasure, or to express emotions
* Diminished interest in previously enjoyed activities
* May have no expectation of normal life events or normal life span
* May fear abduction with no return or lengthy abduction
* Hyper-vigilance, exaggerated startle response, irritability, and/or panic attacks (Nielsen 13)
Post Abduction Syndrome may not only affect the abductees themselves, but can also effect witnesses to the abduction, family members, or others closely associated with the abductee (Hargrove 7).
Support Groups
The traditional definition of a support group is "a group of people with common experiences and concerns"-in this case, abduction by aliens and the resulting complications- "who provide emotional and moral support for one another" ("Support Groups" 1). One purpose of abductee support groups specifically is to attempt to help people recover repressed memories of victimization at the hands of extraterrestrials. Beginning "In the mid-1980s an increasing number of support groups appeared that were centered" around alien abductees and their experiences (Bader 2). Many alien abduction support groups are currently in existence, located mainly in the United States but with some located in other countries such as Canada and Australia. One Seattle based abductee support group, UFO Contact Center International, has affiliate centers located throughout the United States and Canada, now numbering over 30 (Bader 12). A survey done in 1990 of 55 alien abductees involved in a support group reported that most participants in alien abduction support groups were white, married females with some college education (Bader 14). However, this may not be a large enough sample group to accurately represent the alien abductees involved in support groups. Support groups for alien abductees are "commonplace" and can be easily contacted through their websites (Panay 205).
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is "any form of treatment for psychological, emotional, or behavior disorders in which a trained person establishes a relationship with one or several patients for the purpose of modifying or removing existing symptoms and promoting personality growth" ("Psychotherapy" 1). Psychotherapy is also sometimes simply referred to as counseling. For an alien abductee, this provides an environment where they feel they can be open and talk about their experience without fear of ridicule (Scott 2).
Hypnotherapy
Most alien abductees recall their abduction(s) through hypnosis. (Linse and Loxton 81). Because of this, the vast majority of evidence for alien abduction is based on memories recovered through hypnosis. Hypnosis is the weakening of "both emotional experience and behavior" in other words, "emotional numbing" (Sebastiani et al. 125) Though for a time they may have forgotten, some abductees find clues to what happened (such as the symptoms of PAS, PTSD, or missing time) that lead them to seek a hypnotist to help them discover if their hunch is the real deal. The use of hypnosis to recall repressed memories is a highly controversial issue. Many well known alien abduction experts have every confidence in this method of memory recall. Long time abduction researcher Budd Hopkins "argues that memories recovered under hypnosis have 'unusual validity' that is even better than ordinary memory." David Jacobs, another well known researcher, believes that "memories derived hypnotically" are even more reliable than those recalled outside of the hypnotic state. Jacobs also states, however, that "anyone could be a researcher or hypnotist just by proclaiming it" due to the fact that there is "no systematic training" for those interested in this line of memory recovery (Linse and Loxton 81). Alien abduction narratives are frequently attributed to the creation of a "False Memory"(Lynn and Kirsch 152)induced under hypnosis. Steven Jay Lynn of Ohio University and Irving I. Kirsch of the University of Connecticut assert that false memories are created through the following seven steps (Lynn and Kirsch 152)
1. A person is predisposed to accept the idea that certain puzzling or inexplicable experiences might be telltale signs of UFO abduction.
2. The person seeks out a therapist, whom he or she views as an authority and who is, at the very least, receptive to this explanation and has some prior familiarity with UFO abduction reports.
3. Alternately, the therapist frames the puzzling experiences in terms of an abduction narrative.
4. Alternative explanations of the experiences are not explored.
5. There is increasing commitment to the abduction explanation and increasing anxiety reduction associated with ambiguity reduction.
6. The therapist legitimates or ratifies the abductee's experience, which constitutes additional positive reinforcement.
7. The client adopts the role of the "victim" or abductee, which becomes integrated into the psychotherapy and the client's view of self.
Humor and Healing
While humor cannot reduce "the significance of a terrible event, it does allow the survivor [of a traumatic event] to see how they can cope and thrive in their environment" (Garrick 169). Humor can "be a powerful healing tool when both the therapist and the client are willing to openly discuss it" (Garrick 169). According to Yvonne R. Smith, founder of the Close Encounter Research Organization, "humor has been very healing for those people who have had encounters" (Scott 4-5). The key to this unique brand of humor is to "see the humorous side of the phenomena, without making fun of the science or the victims" (Scott 9).
A Self Induced Method for Blocking Abductions Definitively: the SIMBAD by Corrado Malanga
In the book "Alieni o Demoni" the Italian chemist and ufologist Corrado Malanga introduces the SIMBAD, a methodology aimed to block abductions definitively.
The SIMBAD allows abductee's Mind to devise a sort of virtual reality where the three separated entities living naturally and peacefully within abductee's body (Mind, Spirit and Soul) meet in a round table, start a dialogue among them and eliminate the abduction problem through acts of will performed by abductee's Soul. These acts of will vary from destroying the implants and the alien memories inserted into the brain of the abductee to fire whichever alien entities trying to approach the abducted person.
Using hypnosis on Mind, Spirit and Soul the abducted person increases the consciousness of the problem and restores the harmonic relation within that triad. Mind, Spirit and Soul are hypnotized separatedly, conversating directly with each of them. Often the alien memories are also hypnotized, a procedure which has permitted to obtain a huge quantity of fresh data on the alien races and on their purposes.
Betty and Barney Hill
The abduction case of Betty and Barney Hill came about just as the Abduction Phenomenon was coming to light. Their case is one of the first to report the use of psychotherapy and hypnosis to recover abduction memories. Betty and Barney Hill took a vacation from their home in New Hampshire to visit Montreal, Canada. "On their return, they found themselves suffering from unexplained physical pain, anxiety, and nightmares" (Barbeito 201). Neither of them could recall two hours of their drive back to New Hampshire, so they sought out psychiatrist Benjamin Simon for help. Through several hypnosis sessions, both Betty and Barney recalled what had happened on their trip home. The couple determined that had been abducted by aliens (Barbeito 201).
Aftermath
This includes scarring(from alleged medical procedures on the ship/base, on site probing) and ridicule by the government, military, medical personnel, even by family not involved in the matter, fearing loss of social standing, family honor, credibility, extreme vigilance.